What Are Insulin Analogs?
Insulin analogs are artificially modified forms of human insulin designed to improve glycemic control and ease of use. Compared with conventional human insulins, they have altered absorption and action profiles.
Types of Insulin Analogs
1. Ultra–Short-Acting Analogs
Examples: Aspart (NovoRapid), Lispro (Humalog), Glulisine (Apidra)
Onset of action: 10–20 minutes
Peak: 1–2 hours
Duration: 3–5 hours
Use: Injected immediately before a meal or right after eating
2. Long-Acting Analogs
Examples: Glargine (Lantus, Toujeo), Detemir (Levemir), Degludec (Tresiba)
Onset of action: 1–2 hours
Peak: Absent or minimal
Duration: Up to 24–42 hours (depending on the preparation)
Use: Once or twice daily to provide a basal insulin level
3. Premixed Insulin Analogs
Examples: NovoMix, Humalog Mix
Combine: Rapid-acting and long-acting analogs
Use: For patient convenience when combined therapy is required
Advantages of Insulin Analogs Over Human Insulin
More predictable action profile
Lower risk of hypoglycemia
Greater flexibility in dosing schedules
Better control of postprandial glycemia
Ability to inject immediately before meals
Disadvantages of Insulin Analogs
Higher cost
Limited long-term experience with some newer analogs
Possibility of individual variability in response
Choosing an Insulin Analog
Selection of a specific insulin analog is made by an endocrinologist, taking into account:
Patient’s lifestyle
Level of physical activity
Presence of comorbidities
Financial considerations
Individual response to therapy
Important Considerations
Insulin analogs are not interchangeable without medical consultation
Proper training in injection technique is required
Effectiveness depends on correct storage and administration
They do not eliminate the need for dietary management and regular glucose monitoring
Modern insulin analogs have significantly improved the quality of life for people with diabetes by providing a more physiological action profile and greater treatment flexibility. However, their use must be medically justified and closely supervised by a healthcare professional.