Prevention of Foot Complications in Type 2 Diabetes
Type 2 diabetes can lead to serious complications, including damage to the feet. High blood sugar levels damage nerves (diabetic neuropathy) and impair blood circulation, increasing the risk of injuries, infections, and even amputations. However, proper prevention can help avoid these problems.
1. Blood Glucose Control
The main rule is to maintain target glucose levels. Check your blood sugar regularly, follow your diet, take prescribed medications, and monitor your HbA1c level (no higher than 7%).
2. Daily Foot Inspection
Due to reduced sensation, minor injuries (cuts, blisters, cracks) may go unnoticed. Examine your feet, spaces between the toes, and soles every day. Use a mirror or ask for help if your vision is limited.
3. Proper Skin Care
Wash your feet daily with warm (not hot!) water and mild soap; dry thoroughly, especially between the toes.
Moisturize the skin (except between the toes) to prevent dryness and cracks.
Do not use sharp tools for pedicures—use a nail file or seek professional foot care.
4. Safe Footwear and Socks
Wear comfortable shoes without rough seams and with good foot support.
Avoid walking barefoot, even at home.
Choose socks made of natural materials without tight elastic bands.
5. Protection from Injuries and Overload
Do not warm your feet with heating pads or hot baths—there is a risk of burns.
Avoid tight shoes and high heels.
Stay physically active (walking, exercises) to improve circulation.
6. Avoid Harmful Habits
Smoking worsens blood flow to the legs and increases the risk of complications.
7. Regular Medical Checkups
Visit a podiatrist (foot specialist) and an endocrinologist regularly, even if you have no complaints. If you notice any wounds, redness, or skin changes, consult a doctor immediately.
Conclusion
Preventing foot complications in type 2 diabetes requires discipline, but it significantly reduces the risk of serious outcomes. Daily foot care and good diabetes control are the foundation of a long and active life.
If you have questions or alarming symptoms, do not delay seeking professional medical advice!